Everything about Hortus Cliffortianus totally explained
The
Hortus cliffortianus was a masterpiece of early botanical literature published in 1738.
The work was a collaboration between
Carl Linnaeus and
Georg Dionysius Ehret, financed by
George Clifford in 1735-1736. Clifford, a wealthy
Amsterdam banker was a keen
botanist with a large
herbarium and governor of the
Dutch East India Company. He had the income to attract the talents of botanists such as Linnaeus and artists like Ehret. Together at the Clifford summer estate
Hartecamp, which was located south of
Haarlem in
Heemstede near
Bennebroek, they produced the first scholarly classification of an English garden. The garden at Hartekamp was already quite famous before George Clifford bought the place in 1709. Under his ownership, the number of unusual plants grew exponentially. He had 4 hothouses built to house the many tropical plants that he collected through his business connections from all over the world. He was an important friend and seed supplier for botanist
Herman Boerhaave, whose summer home (and garden) at
Oud Poelgeest was just a short trip away by
trekschuit along the Haarlem-Leiden canal.
In 1736 George Clifford became famous for growing the first indoor banana tree, and for this reason
Linnaeus was eager to work with him.
George Clifford died in 1760 and left the business and property to his sons. The banking house of Clifford under George Clifford Jr. fell in 1772 and the estate Hartekamp went out of the family in 1788. Since then the garden has declined and is currently used as a school campus. After the fall of Clifford & Zn., Clifford's herbarium was acquired by
Joseph Banks in 1791 who passed it on to the
British Museum of Natural History, where it's published online.
References:
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